Moluccas Island

Moluccas is a province in Indonesia. Its capital is Ambon. In 1999, some regions become divided Moluccas to North Moluccas province, with capital in Sofifi. Moluccas archipelago made up of known as the Moluccas.

Social Culture
Ethnic Groups
Moluccas ethnic race dominated by the Pacific Melanesian tribes, who were allied with Fiji, Tonga, and some of the islands scattered in the Pacific Ocean islands.
Much strong evidence that points that Moluccas has ties with the traditions of the Pacific island nations, such as language, folk songs, food, and household devices and instruments typical, example: Ukulele (which is also in the cultural traditions of Hawaii). They generally have dark skin, curly hair, large frame and strong bones, and body profile that is more athletic than the other tribes in Indonesia, because they are ethnic islands where marine activities such as sailing and swimming are major activities for men.
Since time immemorial, many of them have mixed blood with other tribes, tribal marriage Minahasa, Sumatra, Java, and even most of the European nations (mainly the Netherlands and Portugal) is common in these modern times, and the new offspring can produce offspring, which which was not a pure Melanesian race again. Because of cultural and racial mixing with the Europeans is the Moluccas is the only territory that Indonesia is classified as Mestizo district. Even now many of the clan that originated in the Moluccas foreign nations like the Netherlands (Van Afflen, Van Room, De Want, De Kock, Kniesmeijer, Gaspersz, Ramschie, Payer, Ziljstra, Van der Weden, etc.) and Portugal (Da Costa, De Fretes , Que, Carliano, De Souza, De Carvalho, Pareira, Courbois, Frandescolli, etc.). In addition, the Spanish surname (Oliviera, Diaz, De Jesus, Silvera, Rodriguez, Montefalcon, Mendoza, De Lopez, etc.) and Arabic (Al-Kaff, Bakhwereez, Bahasoan, Al-Qadri, Alaydrus, Assegaff, etc.). Way of writing the original clan was still following the Moluccas foreign spelling like Rieuwpassa (read: Riupasa), Nikijuluw (read: Nikiyulu), Louhenapessy (read: Louhenapesi), Kallaij (read: Kalai), Akyuwen (read: Akiwen).

Today, not only the people of Moluccas in Indonesia alone, but spread in various countries around the world. Most of those who emigrated abroad were due to various reasons. One of the causes of the most classic is a massive displacement of Moluccas people to Europe in the 1950s and stayed there until now. Another reason is to get a good life, his education, married with other nations, what would later be settled and have generations of new Moluccas in another hemisphere. Moluccas expatriates can be found in communities large enough and concentrated in some countries like the Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States, Russia, France, Belgium, Germany and many other continents.

Language

the language used in the province of Moluccas is Bahasa Melayu Ambon, which is one of dialect of Malays. Before the Portuguese invasion in Ternate (1512), Malays have no language in Moluccas and used as the language of trade. Indonesian, as in other areas of the Republic of Indonesia, is used in activities such as public official in schools and in government offices.

The language used on the island of Seram, the island capital (Nusa Ina / Island origins) of all the tribes in the province of Moluccas and North Moluccas are as follows.:

Wamale language (in West Seram)

Alune language (in West Seram)

Nuaulu language (used by the tribe in Seram Nuaulu south of El-Paputih bay and bay Telutih)

Koa language (in the mountains Manusela and Kabauhari),

Seti language (in use by the tribe Seti, in North Seram and East Telutih)

Gorom language (people who descended from the Seti and resided in East Seram)

Before the coming of foreign nations (Arabic, Chinese, Portuguese, Dutch and English) in Moluccas (including North Moluccas), these languages have lived at least a thousand years Indonesian, as in other areas of the Republic of Indonesia, is used in activities such as public official in schools and in government offices, to remember since the 1980s came KK 5000 (more) transmigrants from Java, etc.. With so many people from these other islands. The treasury of language on the island of Seram (and Moluccas) also increases, which many users now have the languages of Java and Bali and so on.

Religion

The majority of the population in the Moluccas embraced Christianity and Islam. This is because the influence of Portuguese and Spanish colonization before the Dutch who had been spreading Christianity, and the influence of the Sultanate of Ternate and Tidore who spread Islam in the Moluccas and Arab traders on the coast of Ambon and surrounding islands before.

Social Culture

In Moluccas society known a system of social relations and called Pela Gandong

Government

District and the City

Capital Buru District Namlea

South Buru District Namrole

Aru Islands District Oobo

Southwest Moluccas District Tiakur

Central Moluccas District Masohi

Southeast Moluccas District Tual

West Southeast Moluccas District Saumlaki

West Seram District Dataran Hunipopu

East Seram District Dataran Hunimoa

Ambon Dictrict

Kota Tual

Economy

In macro-economic, economic conditions tend to improve the Moluccas every year. One indicator, among others, an increase in the value of GDP. In 2003, Moluccas Province GDP reached 3.7 trillion rupiah then increased to 4.05 trillion in 2004. Economic growth in 2004 reached 4.05 percent and increased to 5.06 percent in 2005. However, employment is still expected to rise, especially through private investment.

Mining

Islands of eastern Indonesia are experiencing the impact of the Pacific plate collision, the Indian-Australian plate and Eurasian plate are relatively more intensive which causes this region to be one that is very dynamic with many kinds of mining. Halmahera Island in the northwestern part of the arm is dominated by volcanic rock alkaline calcium-old quarter consisting of lava and tufa breksi andesitic-basaltic formations known Kayasa and Togawa. Meanwhile, in the southern arm is dominated by sedimentary rock and volcanic rock middle Tertiary age. Most of the area being developed after years of post-1999 horizontal conflicts, proving that it really took the positive impact of global for example is Ternate city, small town, but keep a bunch of potential that not optimally worked well to update the materials and mineral materials which can not be updated .

Tourism

Since ancient times, Moluccas has recognized the natural charm other than herbs. Consists of hundreds of islands create unique panorama of Moluccas island, and each attracting more foreign tourists come to visit and even settle in the islands. Besides natural tourism objects, some relics of the colonial era are also the main attraction because it can be well preserved until now. Some of the famous tourist attraction in the Moluccas, among others: Natsepa beach, Ambon
Doors City, Ambon
Fortress Duurstede, Saparua
Citadel Amsterdam, Ambon
Fortress Victoria, Ambon
Banda Neira, Banda
Fort Belgica, Banda
Hunimoa beach, Ambon
Coast Ngur Sarnadan (Pasir Panjang), Kai
Cave Ohoidertavun in Letvuan, Kai
Sawai, Seram
Leksula, Buru
Pintu Kota, Ambon
Latuhalat beach, Ambon
Cape Marthafons, Ambon
Manusela Park, Seram
Waterfall Waihetu, Rumah kay, Seram
Hatuurang Coast

Coast Lokki, Seram

Englas beach, Seram

Pombo Island

Pulau Tiga

Luciapara Island

Ay Island, Run and Rozengain (Hatta), Kep. Banda

Weluan, Kep. Tanimbar

Pulau Bais

Cape Sesar, Seram

Panjang Island, Lulpus Island and Garogos Island

Mountain Boy

Kilfura, Seram

Soplessy beach, Seram

Cave Lusiala, Seram

Kobisadar Coast Ahuralo, Amahai

Hutan Cave Kartenes

Goa Akohy in Tamilouw, Seram

Fortress Titaley, Seram

Lake Binaya, Piliana

Communication

Ambon Cyber City In mid 2008, the city of Ambon defined as Cyber City. Ambon Cyber City project carried out in Ambon city administration to provide ease of Internet access completed until the end of December that year. Implementation of this project, solely to provide facilities for people to easily access and inexpensively to the "virtual world", without having to queue at the "cyber" or subscribe to expensive phone to surf. Only with a capital or a laptop computer that has wireless facilities, the public can enjoy the Internet with ease various places in downtown Ambon. Ambon city administration has also has worked with telecommunications companies to borrow SingTel mobile company's tower, where the equipment will be installed on the Cyber towers that the company's tower, which can transmit the signal and reach the whole area of Ambon city.

Local TV Station

Moluccas also has a local television is moluccas TV and Ambon TV

Newspapers

Ambon Express, Suara Moluccas, Metro Moluccas

Local Radio Station

Vox Populi

Yournex

Rock FM

Bhara

Binaya

G-Tavlul

DMS

Dian Mandiri

Sangkakala

Baku-Bae

Resthy Mulya

Arika Polnam

Manusela FM

Kabaresi

Arts and Culture

Music Famous instrument is Tifa (a drum) and Totobuang. Each instrument of Totobuang Tifa has a calm functions are different and supporting each other until the birth color is very distinctive music. But this musical instrument is dominated by Tifa. Which consists of Tifa, Tifa Jekir, Basic Tifa, Tifa Cut, Cut and Tifa Tifa Jekir Bas, plus a large Gong and Toto Buang, which is a set of small gongs are in place on a table, with several holes as a buffer. There is also wind instruments namely Kulit Bia (Skin Shells).

In Moluccas culture, there is also stringed instrument that is Ukulele and Hawaiian as well as in the Hawaiian culture in the United States. This can be seen as the Moluccas music from past until now still has a characteristic where there is the use of a good Hawaiian music on pop songs and the accompaniment of traditional dances such as Katreji.

Other music is Sawat. Sawatis a combination of Moluccas cultures and Middle Eastern cultures. In a few centuries ago, the Arabs came to spread Islam in the Moluccas, and then there was a mixture of cultures, including in terms of music. Proven in some Sawat instruments, such as tambourine and flute, an instrument that characterizes the desert.

Outside than the diversity of musical instruments, the famous Moluccas good at singing. Since before, they've been singing in accompaniment of traditional dances. No doubt if the present, there are many famous singers are born from these islands. Call it the legends like Harvey Broery Pesoelima and Malaihollo. Not to mention the other world-class singers such as Daniel Sahuleka, Roselle Nava, Monica Akihary, Eric Papilaya, Danjil Tuhumena, Sasabone Romagna, Harvey Malaihollo and young singers like Glen Fredly talented, Tomato Tahitu and Moluccas.

Dance

Cakalele is the famous Dance, it's depicting war. This dance is usually performed by the men, holding the machete and Salawaku (Shield)

There are also other dance-Reka Saureka using stem of the sago tree. Dance performed by six people this girl really need precision and speed while accompanied by music that is very interesting.

Dance is a depiction of the young association is Katreji. Dance Katreji played in pairs between women and men with an energetic movement varied and interesting. This dance is similar to the European dances in general as well as a Katreji acculturation of European culture (Portuguese and Dutch) with the culture of Moluccas. This is more apparent on every cue in change and motion pattern of the floor that still use Portuguese and Dutch language as a process biligualisme. This dance is accompanied by musical instruments violin, bamboo flute, ukulele, and Karakas, guitar, drums and bass guitar, with the pattern of western music rithm (Europe) is more prominent. This dance is still alive and loved by the people of Moluccas until now. Katreji addition, the famous European influence was that Polonaise Moluccas people usually do when marriage by each member of the party with a partner, formed a circle and perform minor movements that can be followed by everyone young and old.

History

Background

The natives of Banda spice trade with Asian countries, such as China, at least since the time of the Roman Empire. With the emergence of the Islamic religion, the trade is dominated by Muslim traders. One source described the location of the ancient Arabs from the island is about fifteen days' sail from the East 'island of Jaba' (Java), but direct trade occurs only until the end of the year 1300an. Arab traders brought not only the Islamic religion, but also the imperial system, and replace the local systems which are dominated by the Rich, who in addition to more effective it is used when dealing with outsiders.

Through trade with Muslim merchants, Venice and came to monopolize the spice trade in Europe between 1200 and 1500, through the domination of the Mediterranean port city such as Alexandria, after the traditional trade route began disrupted by Mongols and Turks. In support of this monopoly and then they participate in the European Age of Exploration. Portugal took the first step exploration by sailing around the southern promontory of the African continent, securing important routes of trade, even accidentally discovered Brazil in search of the beach to the south. Portugal is eventually successful of self monopolizing, beside those other Europe nations such as Spain, France, England and the Netherlands to disturb its position.

Because of the high value spices in Europe and the amount of income generated, the Netherlands and the UK are involved in the conflict immediately to obtain a monopoly over this area. Competition for control of this island be very intense for the Dutch in the other hand gives even the island of Manhattan (now New York), on the other hand Dutch English gives full control over the Banda Islands. More than 6,000 people in Banda have died in the war this Spice. And later on, the victory over the islands bagged the Royal Dutch

Archeology

The earliest archaeological evidence of human occupation in this area in about thirty-two thousand years, but evidence of the older settlements in Australia may indicate that the Moluccas have had visitors before. Meluasya evidence that the long-distance trade relationships and the frequency of occupation of other islands that became increasingly higher, began about ten thousand to fifteen years later. Precious stones and silver are usually used as currency in the peninsula of India around 200 BC have been found on several islands. Moluccas at that time developed into a cosmopolitan area in which the traders of spices from around the region to permanently reside there, including the Arab and Chinese traders who visited or intend to live in the area.

Portuguese and Spanish Era

Apart from the cultural influence of the most significant thing of the Portuguese presence effect is disruption and disorganization Asian trade but besides that it is the spread of Christianity in Eastern Indonesia, including Moluccas. Portuguese who had conquered Malacca in the early sixteenth century and their influence was very strong in Moluccas and other areas in eastern Indonesia. After the Portuguese conquest of Malacca in August 1511, Afonso de Albuquerque to learn the route to the Banda Islands and the Spice Kpulauan others by sending an exploration of three-ship expedition led by António de Abreu, Simao Afonso Bisigudo and Francisco Serrano. On the way to go back, Francisco Serrao stranded on the island Hitu (Ambon north) in 1512. He established relationships with local authorities who impressed with a military capability. The existence of the dispute between the kingdom of Ternate and Tidore also involves Portuguese.

After joining the Ternate, Serrão and then build a castle on the island and became the head of the mercenary soldiers under Portuguese administration of one of two sovereign power to control the spice trade. But with the spread of Christianity resulted in tension with the Lord of Ternate who are Muslim. Ferdinand Magellan Serrão urging him to join in the Moluccas, and provides information about the Islands explorers spices. However, both died before he could meet each other. In the year 1535 King Tabariji stopped and sent to Goa by the Portuguese. Then he embraced Christianity and changed his name to Dom Manuel. Once found guilty, he was sent back to his throne back, but died on the way in Melaka in 1545. Even so, he left the island of Ambon, the godfather who is a Portuguese, Jordão de Freitas. After the events of the murder of Sultan Hairun by the Portuguese, Ternate going to expelled them in 1575 after a siege during the 5 years.

The first Portuguese landing in Ambon occurred in 1513, which would later become the center of activity in the Moluccas Portugal after the expulsion from Ternate. European powers in areas such as the weak, and Ternate increasingly spread its power as an Islamic kingdom under the leadership of anti-Portuguese Sultan Baab Ullah and his son Sultan Said. In Ambon, the Portuguese met with resistance from the local Muslim population in the north of the island, especially in Hitu tesebut long cooperation relationship with trade and religion port cities on the north shore Jawa.Sesungguhnya, Portuguese never managed to control the spice trade in the local, and failed in an attempt to establish their authority over the Banda islands, nutmeg production center.

Spain then took control of Ternate and Tidore. Missionaries and saah one of the Catholic Saints, St. Franciscus Xavier (Saint Francis Xavier), arrived in the Moluccas in the year 1546-1547 to the people of Ambon, Ternate and Morotai and laid the foundation for a permanent mission there. With his arrival there, 10,000 people had been baptized a Catholic, with the largest percentage of Ambon Island and around the year 1590 there were 50,000 and even 60,000 people have been baptized, even though some of the surrounding area remains a Muslim area.

During the missionary work, there have been Christian communities in large numbers in eastern Indonesia for some time, and have contributed to the common interests with Europe, especially among people of Ambon. Other influences include a large number of Indonesian words derived from the Portuguese by the Malays is the lingua franca until the early nineteenth century. The words in Indonesian as a party, soap, flags, table, Sunday, all derived from the Portuguese language. Many family names in the Moluccas from Portugal as de Lima, Waas, da Costa, Dias, de Fretas, Gonsalves, Mendosa, Rodrigues, and da Silva.

Kingdom of Netherlands

the Dutch arrived in 1599 and reported a Portuguese attempt to monopolize their traditional trade. After successfully helping people in Ambon in the Dutch fort built in the Old Hitu, the Portuguese began a campaign against aid to Ambon from the Netherlands. After 1605 Frederik Houtman became the first Dutch governor of Ambon. VOC is a Dutch trading company that is hampered by three factors namely conducts business daam: Portuguese, local residents and English. Once again, smuggling is the only way for the European monopoly. During the 17th century, Banda do free trade with Ingris. Dutch efforts are to reduce the number of natives of Banda and the other sends out Pulai and set up slave labor installation.

Although other re-settled in the Banda Islands, Moluccas other remaining areas remain very difficult to be under foreign control even after the Portuguese established trading stations in Makassar, an uprising of local residents in 1636 and 1646. Under the control of the Company administration Moluccas became the Dutch residency of Ternate in the North and Amboyna (Ambon) in the south.

World War II

During Pacific War on 7 December 1941 as part of World War II record a new era in the history of colonialism in Indonesia. Governor General of the Netherlands A.W.L. Tjarda van Starkenborgh, through the radio, declared that the Dutch East Indies government in a state of war with Japan. Japanese soldiers did not much trouble seized the islands in Indonesia. In the Moluccas Islands, Japanese troops entered from the north through the island of Morotai and Misool east through the islands. In a short time all can be controlled Moluccas Islands of Japan. It should be noted that in World War II, Australian soldiers had fought against Japanese troops in the village Tawiri. And, to commemorate a monument built in the village of Australia Tawiri (not far from the airport Pattimura). Two days after the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia, the Moluccas declared as a province of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the formation and position of Moluccas province when it was forced to do in Jakarta, because immediately after the Japanese surrender, the Netherlands (NICA) directly into the Moluccas and revive colonial system of government in the Moluccas. Dutch continue to control areas rich with spices rempahnya this. Even until after the recognition of sovereignty in 1949 by sponsoring the establishment Republic of South Moluccas (RMS).